Glossary of Billing Terms

Plain-language definitions of terms commonly used in medical billing and revenue cycle management.

Accounts Receivable (A/R)

The total amount owed to a practice for services already rendered but not yet paid, whether by insurance payers or patients.

Adjudication

The process by which a payer reviews a claim and determines how much, if anything, will be paid.

Adjustment

A change to the billed amount, often reflecting a contracted rate difference between the billed charge and the allowed amount.

Allowed Amount

The maximum amount a payer will reimburse for a given service under a specific plan or contract.

Appeal

A formal request asking a payer to reconsider a denied or underpaid claim, typically with supporting documentation.

Charge Entry

The process of recording billable services and associated codes into a billing system prior to claim submission.

Claim Scrubbing

An automated or manual review of a claim prior to submission to catch errors that could cause a rejection or denial.

Clean Claim

A claim submitted with all required information, free of errors, that can be processed without additional documentation.

Clearinghouse

A third-party service that transmits claims electronically between providers and payers, often performing basic error checks along the way.

CPT Code

Current Procedural Terminology code: a standardized code set used to describe medical, surgical, and diagnostic services.

Credentialing

The process of verifying a provider's qualifications and enrolling them with insurance payers so they can bill for services.

Days in A/R

A metric measuring the average number of days it takes a practice to collect payment after a service is billed.

Denial

A payer's refusal to pay a claim, in whole or in part, typically accompanied by a reason code.

Eligibility Verification

Confirming a patient's active insurance coverage and benefit details prior to a scheduled service.

EOB (Explanation of Benefits)

A statement from a payer explaining how a claim was processed, including amounts billed, allowed, paid, and owed by the patient.

ERA (Electronic Remittance Advice)

The electronic version of an EOB, used to automate payment posting.

HCPCS Code

Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code: used alongside CPT codes, often for supplies, equipment, and certain services.

ICD-10 Code

International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: the code set used to represent diagnoses.

Modifier

A two-character code appended to a CPT or HCPCS code to provide additional detail about a service without changing its definition.

Patient Responsibility

The portion of a bill owed directly by the patient after insurance has processed the claim, such as copays, coinsurance, or deductibles.

Payment Posting

Recording payments and adjustments received from payers and patients into the billing system.

Prior Authorization

Approval required from a payer before certain services are performed, confirming the service will be considered for coverage.

Revenue Cycle Management (RCM)

The full financial process of a healthcare encounter, from patient scheduling and registration through final payment collection.

Timely Filing

The payer-defined deadline by which a claim must be submitted in order to be considered for payment.

Write-Off

A balance removed from a patient's or payer's account, typically because it is uncollectible or falls outside a contracted rate.

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